International
Journal of Herbs and Pharmacological Research IJHPR,
2012, 1(2):55 - 61
www.antrescentpub.com
RESEARCH
PAPER:
SUB
ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS OF CARICA PAPAYA ON THE KIDNEY OF RATS
1Dikibo E., 1 Onokhua V., 2Oyadonghan G.P., 3Okpe A.C., 4Okoro C.J. 1Anyanwu R.A.,
1Department
of Medical Laboratory Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State,
Nigeria. 2Department of Anatomy, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State. 3Department
of Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Enugu campus, Enugu State, Nigeria. 4Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla,
Enugu, Enugu State.
Corresponding
author: dikibolix@yahoomail.com
Received: 2nd May, 2012
Accepted: 17th July, 2012 Published: 31st July, 2012
ABSTRACT
This
study investigates the sub-acute and chronic effects of Carica papaya on
the kidney of growing Sprague Dawley rats. A total 40 growing rats (95.0 ± 10.0
grams) within the ages of 7 ± 1weeks were involved in the study. They were
divided into eight groups of 5 rats each: A (control; n = 5), B (n = 10), C (n
= 10) and D (n = 10). Group A1 and A2 served as the acute and chronic control
respectively. Group B1, C1 and D1 served as the subacute test while group B2,
C2 and D2 served as the chronic test. The rats received varied doses of
powdered Carica papaya seed (6, 8, 10grams). Group A1, B1, C1 and D1
were fed for 3 weeks while Group A2, B2, C2 and D2 were fed for 6 weeks. At the
end of each stage, animals were sacrificed and the kidneys were harvested for
histological study. The results showed histological distortions in the liver
parenchymal architecture in a dose and duration dependent manner. Our findings
suggest therefore, that Carica papaya seeds have nephrotoxic potentials
and as such, the need for further studies cannot be overemphasized.
Key
words: Carica papaya seed, Herb, Sub-acute, Chronic, Nephrotoxic.
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INTRODUCTION
Traditional
medicines and complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are attracting more
and more attention
within
the context of health care provision and health sector reforms. WHO is
promoting its inclusion in health policies because of its positive features,
which include diversity and flexibility; accessibility and affordability in many
parts of the world; broad acceptance among many populations in developing
countries; comparatively low cost and growing economic importance (Kumar,
2006).Of interest is carica papaya locally known as Ibepe, Gwanda
and Okwere in Yoruba, Hausa and Igbo languages respectively. Various
pharmacological actions and medicinal uses of different parts of papaya are
well reported in the ancient literature (Kirtikar and Basu, 1998). They
include; anti-fertility (Lohiya et al., 1994), the extracts have exhibited
inhibitory effects on gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. These
organisms include: Bacillus
subtilis,Escherichia
coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae and Proteus
vulgaris (Emeruwa, 1982). The petroleum ether extract of the rind of raw papaya
fruit exhibits significant antimalarial activity (Bhat and Namita, 2001).
The purified chemopapain from commercially available dried latex of the fruits has
shown immunological properties (Buttle and Barret, 1984). Papaya fruits
are used as topical ulcer dressings (Hewitt et al., 2002).
ASN-PH-020919
ISSN: 2315-537X
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